Question 1
Part A Which of the following statements is true regarding organic molecules? View Available Hint(s) Which of the following statements is true regarding organic molecules? Proteins are composed of subunits called fatty acids and glycerol made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are a large and diverse group of molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Examples include glycogen and starch. Triglycerides are nonpolar molecules composed of peptide bonds linking amino acids. Nucleic acids are composed of proteins.
Question 2
Which of the following statements are true of the structure of organic molecules? (Select all correct statements) A. Fatty acids are subunits of phospholipids. B. Amino acids are the subunits of nucleic acids. C. The subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides. D. Nucleotides are large molecules made of DNA or RNA. E. Glucose is the subunit of glycogen. F. Glycerol is a subunit of steroids. Organic molecules: Organic molecules are biological macromolecules that contain carbon atoms in their structure and can also be synthesized in the body of living organisms. The main four organic molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
Question 3
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the production of ATP for muscle contraction? a. anaerobic respiration, CP, aerobic respiration. b. aerobic respiration, CP, anaerobic respiration. c. CP, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration. Energy Systems: There are three primary energy systems that the body uses for ATP production. These energy systems include the ATP-PC system, the anaerobic or lactic acid system, and the aerobic system. Each system is characterized by two parameters important in exercise. These parameters include the total energy it can yield and the rate of ATP production.
Question 4
Non-cyclic photophosphorylation produces (outputs)? – NADPH + H+ – ATP and NADPH + – H+ – G3P – ATP – all of the above 2. A mRNA molecule contains 246 nucleotides, what is the maximum number of amino acids in the polypeptide translated from this mRNA? 3. In an inducible operon, the repressor goes from what form to what form? Metabolism: Photosynthesis, protein translation and gene expression are all components of a cell’s metabolism. Metabolism are the collection of reactions in which are necessary for a cell to grow and develop.
Answer to question 1
Option b is correct. Carbohydrates are a large and diverse group of molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Examples include glycogen and starch.
Answer to question 2
The following statements are true for the structure of organic molecules:
A. Fatty acids are subunits of phospholipids. True. Phospholipids have two fatty acid chains and one phosphate group joined to a glycerol molecule.
B. Amino acids are the subunits of nucleic acids. False. Amino acids are subunits of proteins.
C. The subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides. True. Polysaccharide are made up of monosaccharides
D. Nucleotides are large molecules made of DNA or RNA. False. Nucleotides are monomers of DNA or RNA not the other way round.
E. Glucose is the subunit of glycogen. True. Glycogen is made up of glucose monomers.
F. Glycerol is a subunit of steroids. True. Steroids have a glycerol molecule as part of the structure.
Answer to question 3
The answer to this question is c. CP, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration. The ATP-PC system uses creatine phosphate (CP) as a substrate to produce ATP. This system uses substrate-level phosphorylation and one ATP is produced per CP molecule. This energy system produces ATP at a fast rate as only one reaction is needed to produce an ATP. However, CP stores are low so runs out quickly. This energy system predominates at the onset of exercise to about 7 seconds. Anaerobic glycolysis predominates during activities lasting from about 7-90 seconds and is the second energy system to take over. It also uses substrate-level phosphorylation. However, it takes 10 reactions to yield just two ATP. This system uses glucose as a substrate, which stores are greater than CP, however, it takes slightly longer to produce them than the ATP-PC system. Respiration involves using oxygen so the term “anaerobic respiration” is technically incorrect. Aerobic respiration can use both glucose or fat for energy and predominates in activities over 90 seconds. Aerobic respiration is the slowest pathway to produce ATP so the last in the list, however, the amount of ATP this system can produce is nearly endless. This pathway utilizes the Krebs Cycle, also called the Citric Acid Cycle or the TCA Cycle, in addition to the electron transport chain (ETC) to produce ATP. The ETC requires oxygen to keep the chain continuing which is why this pathway is termed “aerobic”.
Answer to question 4
1) Non-cyclic photo phosphorylation produces ATP, and NADPH during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Also, G3P is produced during the light independent reactions of photosynthesis.
2) If an MRNA molecule contains 246 nucleotides, the maximum number of amino acids in the polypeptide would be 81. The last three nucleotides would be the stop codon, and the stop codon is do not code for a amino acid. The start codon, however does code for an amino acid known as methionine
3) in an inducible operon, the repressor goes from turned on turned off. Meaning the repressor is usually bound, and the presence of a small molecule will bind to the repressor and the repressor will fall off or be turned off.