Question 1
all of the following increase blood vessel permeability except
Question 2
The characteristics of vitamin P include the followings except:
Select one:
a.
Vitamin P acts synergistically with ascorbic acid
b.
It reduces the level of hyaluronidase which prevents the oxidation of ascorbic acid and adrenaline, as result it increases the strength of the blood vessels and capillaries
c.
It increases the capillary fragility and their permeability
d.
It is related to flavonoids and phenolic compounds
Question 3
In sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin forms long fibers as a result of
a) Burying of non-polar amino acids
b) Burying polar amino acids
c) Exposing polar amino acids
d) Electrostatic interaction between glutamate and non polar amino acids
Answer to question 1
40 d. lyzozymes
Lyzozymes are not responsible for an increase in permeability of blood vessels.
41. c. C3
Activation of the C3 protein is the beginning of classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathways.
Answer to question 2
Step 1
Vitamin P is a term that was once used for a group of plant compounds called flavonoids. The flavonoids are secondary metabolites, which have 3-6 polyphenolic rings in their structures. The flavonoids perform various functions like UV (ultraviolet) detection, antioxidant activity, legume nodulation, and visual signals. The inability of the plant to synthesize flavonoids would result in affecting the nodule forming capabilities of the plant. Without the nodules, the pea plant will not be able to utilize nitrogen.
Step 2
flavonol kind of vitamin P, inhibited the diffusion of male reproductive gland hyaluronidase and management saline solutions injected intradermally in rats. Since the unfolding of the management answer could conceivably be related to the activation of endogenous hyaluronidase, conclusions might then be created on whether or not rutin acted directly by inhibiting hyaluronidase, or indirectly by some action on the substrate. The likelihood that
the latter was the case was instructed to the author by the findings of Griffith and Lindauer (3), that rutin prevented hemorrhage in hypertensive patients with magnified capillary fragility. though their study was stirred by poison’s (4) suggestion that hemorrhage developed on the premise of rupture of intimal capillaries, such a mechanism has never been clearly incontestible during this type of vascular accident. it’s a lot of doubtless that cerebral hemorrhage is due t direct rupture of the complete thickness of the artery wall as a consequence of arteriosclerotic weakening combined with magnified blood pressure.
The characteristics of vitamin P include the followings except:
the correct answer is :
Vitamin P acts synergistically with ascorbic acid
Answer to question 3
Step 1
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease caused by a defect in a gene that produces hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. In people having sickle cell anemia, the Hb varies in one amino acid from the normal Hb.
Step 2
In sickle cell anemia, glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the amino acid sequence.
Answer: A, burying of non-polar amino acids
Explanation: Fibers are formed when Hb molecules aggregate and stick to each other. This process of fiber formation occurs because of the burying of the non-polar heads of the altered amino acid i.e; valine. Valine is a non-polar amino acid and hence is hydrophobic in nature. The environment of the RBC is aqueous hence the non-polar heads of amino acids tend to stick with each other rather than interact with the external aqueous environment. In this way, fibers of Hb are formed.